# LOGI ## Posts - [Using Financial Modelling to Understand Lebanon's future strategic oil and gas decisions](https://logi-lebanon.org/using-financial-modelling-to-understand-lebanons-future-strategic-oil-and-gas-decisions/): In 2017 LOGI reviewed the legislative framework surrounding the oil and gas sector in Lebanon. One of its core recommendations was addressed to the Lebanese government and Minister of Energy and Water asking them to disclosure all oil and gas related contracts. In March 2018, the Minister of Energy and Water, published Lebanon’s first signed Exploration and Production Agreements, making Lebanon the first East Med country to do so and the 27th country (back then) around the world to have full contract disclosure. - [The Saga Of Lebanese-Iraqi Oil Talks: An Opportunity To Understand How Lebanon’s Public Energy Sector Operates](https://logi-lebanon.org/the-saga-of-lebanese-iraqi-oil-talks-an-opportunity-to-understand-how-lebanons-public-energy-sector-operates/): As Lebanon struggles to purchase oil products for power generation, the current caretaker administration is turning to outdated solutions that continue to raise questions about their feasibility and efficacy, specifically when it comes to importing fuel oil from Iraq. Since July 2020, Beirut and Baghdad have been holding talks over fuel oil supplies for Lebanon’s power generation, knowing well that Lebanese power plants run on fuel of certain specifications which the Iraqi fuel oil does not meet. Despite attempts by Lebanese and Iraqi officials to explain how the deal will be executed, the topic has remained murky, causing misunderstandings and… - [Strategic Environmental Assessment for Offshore Oil and Gas Activities (Reviewing Manual)](https://logi-lebanon.org/strategic-environmental-assessment-for-offshore-oil-and-gas-activities-reviewing-manual/): The Lebanese Minister of Energy and Water (MOEW) will publish soon an updated strategic environmental assessment report pertaining to the upstream oil and gas sector in offshore Lebanon, following an initial report published in 2012. The preparation of the updated report will be based on the recommendation of the Lebanese Petroleum Administration (LPA) and on extensive consultation with the Lebanese Ministry of Environment (MoE) to be in line with new environmental regulations. Although, the SEA is a work in progress and regular updates are needed as a resultof control and monitoring of impacts, assessment of new findings, inclusion of new… - [Is Lebanon Preordained to Become a “Presource” Curse Country?](https://logi-lebanon.org/is-lebanon-preordained-to-become-a-presource-curse-country/): Lebanon is on the uncertain road to making the first commercially viable discovery withthe Ministry of Energy and Water (MoEW)’s approval of exploration plans by the ItalianENI International B.V., the French TOTAL S.A., and the Russian JSC NOVATEK consortiumfor offshore blocks 4 & 9 in the first quarter of 2018. The approval of the exploration planscomes 5 years after the launching of the first pre-qualification round in 2013, which wasaccompanied by nationwide communication campaign launched by MoEW portrayingLebanon’s rosy future as a result of the revenues to be generated by the nascent petroleumsector. The heightened expectations led to hopes that… - [Report on Lebanese Sovereign Wealth Fund Proposal](https://logi-lebanon.org/report-on-lebanese-sovereign-wealth-fund-proposal/): Many countries use extra-budgetary funds to manage their natural resource revenues.[1] In fact, all but a handful of large oil producers have established a natural resource-financed special fund. Together, these funds manage trillions of dollars in resource revenues annually. In some cases, these funds are merely accounts within the state treasury, created for political purposes to demonstrate a commitment to financing a certain expenditure item (e.g. education) or for accounting purposes. For example, Mongolia’s petroleum- and mineral-financed General Local Development Fund, which allocates money to subnational governments, is simply a government account. In other cases, they are institutions that are subject… - [Reinforcing Transparency in Subcontracting in the Lebanese Oil and Gas Sector](https://logi-lebanon.org/reinforcing-transparency-in-subcontracting-in-the-lebanese-oil-and-gas-sector/): Executive Summary This policy brief analyzes the subcontracting process in the nascent Lebanese oil and gas sector from the perspective of transparency. The possibility that contractors and subcontractors engage in corrupt contractual arrangements, away from governmental or public scrutiny, is especially high in countries with weak institutions and ineffective civil society organizations. Examples of these corrupt arrangements include the award of contracts to firms in which politically exposed persons hold stakes directly or indirectly. Another example is the possible exclusion of qualified suppliers from competing for contracts in order to benefit specific subcontractors. In these cases, Lebanese citizens not only… - [Recommendations to Enhance Transparency in Lebanon's Petroleum Legislation](https://logi-lebanon.org/recommendations-to-enhance-transparency-in-lebanons-petroleum-legislation/): Limiting risks of corruption and enhancing transparency and accountability mechanisms in Lebanon’s oil and gas sector are critical for the future of the country. LOGI hired international and local law firms specialized in petroleum law to review Lebanon’s petroleum legislation. The identified potential red flags, risks of corruption and lack of transparency are detailed in an 84-page report. These findings were discussed during a September 15 workshop with representatives of the Lebanese Petroleum Administration, Members of Parliament, petroleum experts, and civil society. Below is a list of key recommendations (also available in Arabic) that LOGI seeks to highlight based on the report and workshop… - [Principles For Managing Lebanon's Natural Resource Revenues](https://logi-lebanon.org/principles-for-managing-lebanons-natural-resource-revenues/): The administrative track of the Petroleum Sector in Lebanon started in 2010 upon the adoption of the Offshore Petroleum Resources Law, which constitutes the legal framework governing the management of the sector. It was followed by a series of executive decrees known as the “Petroleum Activities Regulations”. In November 2012, the Lebanese Petroleum Administration was created by virtue of a decree issued by the Council of Ministers and consequently started operating within a month. The Lebanese Petroleum Administration elaborated an action plan setting the deadlines for the first licensing round for the exploration of petroleum resources in Lebanese offshore. Qualification… - [Principles for Managing Lebanon’s Natural Resource Revenues - Key Recommendations](https://logi-lebanon.org/principles-for-managing-lebanons-natural-resource-revenues-key-recommendations/): The Government of Lebanon is unlikely to see any hydrocarbon revenues over the next decade. The most optimistic projections are that oil and gas revenues would start to be collected at least seven to eight years from now and will not exceed two percent of GDP even at peak production. These projections are conditional on a commercial discovery being made this year and there being no delays in field development, both of which are improbable. Additionally, Lebanon’s latest energy plan calls for a large proportion of any commercial gas discovery to be earmarked for domestic energy production. In short, revenue… - [Principles for Managing Lebanon’s Natural Resource Revenues - Brief](https://logi-lebanon.org/principles-for-managing-lebanons-natural-resource-revenues-brief/): The Government of Lebanon is unlikely to see any hydrocarbon revenues over the next decade. The most optimistic projections are that oil and gas revenues would start to be collected at least seven to eight years from now and will not exceed two percent of GDP even at peak production. These projections are conditional on a commercial discovery being made this year and there being no delays in field development, both of which are improbable. Additionally, Lebanon’s latest energy plan calls for a large proportion of any commercial gas discovery to be earmarked for domestic energy production. In short, revenue… - [Practical Manual on The Right of Access to Information](https://logi-lebanon.org/practical-manual-on-the-right-of-access-to-information/): On the 25th of January in 2017, the Lebanese government announced its intention to join the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). This falls within government efforts to ensure that transparency and accountability enshrine the nascent oil and gas sector in Lebanon. In order to transform the possible natural resources into sustainable growth for Lebanon, transparency including the right of citizens to access information is key. According to the Resource Governance Index (RGI), countries that promote transparency and accountability are the ones that have better management of their extractives sector as compared to countries that do not.  On January 19, 2017 the Lebanese parliament passed the access… - [Lebanon’s Offshore Gas Sector: shifting towards domestic growth](https://logi-lebanon.org/lebanons-offshore-gas-sector-shifting-towards-domestic-growth/): Lebanon’s hopes to develop an offshore gas sector were delivered a blow in April 2020 when the first offshore exploration well, drilled by Total and its partners, came up dry. The country is still hoping to join the club of East Mediterranean gas producers, despite the collapse of gas prices alongside crude oil prices in early 2020, the devastation wrought to the global economy by Covid19, and an oversupply of LNG, together with a long pipeline of new projects due to come on stream in the next few years. OpenOil has carried out financial analysis of the potential of the… - [Importance of Transparency and Openness of The Parliament](https://logi-lebanon.org/importance-of-transparency-and-openness-of-the-parliament/): Understanding that transparency and openness of the parliament would improve the legislative process is crucial. This would increase citizens’ awareness of the importance of their participation and of the knowledge that needs to be gained about the country’s governance. Therefore, LOGI launched a survey targeting Lebanese citizens from different regions and ages between 18 and 80 years old. The objective is to analyze their level of understanding of the importance of transparency in the Lebanese parliament and its impact on the legislative process. Through this report, we are analyzing the answers of 1,072 people who participated in this survey. - [Good Governance Guidelines for Lebanon's Oil and Gas Sector](https://logi-lebanon.org/good-governance-guidelines-for-lebanons-oil-and-gas-sector/): This report provides an exhaustive assessment of the governance processesand practices adopted to date in the elaboration of a framework for managementof the oil and gas sector in Lebanon. It reviews progress regarding ten keyareas of decision-making and foundations required for managing resources toprosperity, highlights positive practices, and suggests practicalrecommendations for improvement. The report covers Lebanon’s activitiesfrom 2010 to 2018 in the aforementioned areas: 1. General Principles of Good Governance2. Developing a Clear and Comprehensive National Oil and Gas Strategy3. Establishing a Legal and Institutional Framework for ResourceManagement4. Determining a Framework for the Allocation of Exploration and ProductionRights5. Obtaining Beneficial… - [Good Governance Guidelines - Executive Summary](https://logi-lebanon.org/good-governance-guidelines-executive-summary/): This report provides an exhaustive assessment of the governance processesand practices adopted to date in the elaboration of a framework for managementof the oil and gas sector in Lebanon. It reviews progress regarding ten keyareas of decision-making and foundations required for managing resources toprosperity, highlights positive practices, and suggests practicalrecommendations for improvement. The report covers Lebanon’s activitiesfrom 2010 to 2018 in the aforementioned areas: 1. General Principles of Good Governance2. Developing a Clear and Comprehensive National Oil and Gas Strategy3. Establishing a Legal and Institutional Framework for ResourceManagement4. Determining a Framework for the Allocation of Exploration and ProductionRights5. Obtaining Beneficial… - [Follow the money: Tracking revenues from sales of seismic data to enhance public accountability](https://logi-lebanon.org/follow-the-money-tracking-revenues-from-sales-of-seismic-data-to-enhance-public-accountability/): High transparency and good governance standards in Lebanon are growing in importance, as a response to the demands of the Lebanese People since the 17th of October 2019, thus becoming the top reform priority across all sectors. This comes in line with the work of the Lebanese Oil & Gas Initiative (LOGI), which aims to ensure the compliance with the highest transparency and accountability standards within the Petroleum sector. Our study will consequently tackle a specific issue pertaining to public funds collected up until today from Petroleum activities (the sale of seismic surveys and application fees). In fact, there is… - [Environmental Impact of Petroleum Activities in Lebanon](https://logi-lebanon.org/environmental-impact-of-petroleum-activities-in-lebanon/): The Lebanese Oil and Gas Initiative (LOGI) in collaboration with Publish What You Pay (PWYP) and Friedrich Eibert Stiftung- Lebanon launched a project aiming to strengthen civil society participation in Lebanon’s oil and gas sector development and mitigate the social and environmental impacts of resource extraction.  In 2014 and in response to demands from civil society, the Lebanese Petroleum Administration (LPA) released its Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), which evaluates the likely environmental and social impact of introducing and developing oil and gas activities in Lebanon. The study (attached below) highlights risks including upsetting offshore ecology; potential for mismanagement of waste (produced by drilling and exploration) which can… - [Block 4 Granting Contract and Secondary Contracting](https://logi-lebanon.org/block-4-granting-contract-and-secondary-contracting-2/): The petroleum sector is a rentier return sector that provides major resources to countries, making it a hotbed of corruption and abuse as it negatively affects the economy and the competitiveness of the rest of the productive sectors. Petroleum resources are characterized by their instability due to their vulnerability to international price variables, which reflects fluctuations in the volume of revenues and affects the ability of countries to plan and set public budgets. The sheer size of these resources makes them susceptible to corruption -especially in the least devel – oped countries- and affects the structure of the economy that… - [A Guidebook for the Civil Society on the NOSCP for Lebanon](https://logi-lebanon.org/a-guidebook-for-the-civil-society-on-the-noscp-for-lebanon/): The National Oil Spill Contingency Plan (NOSCP) for Lebanon, also referred to in this Guidebook as the Plan, was developed in 2016. It addresses the response to oil spills in the Public Maritime Domain including the Territorial Sea, and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The aim of the NOSCP is to protect human life, the natural resources, as well as the economy and preserve the coastal and marine environment from any adverse effects of an oil spill. This plan ensures the continuous commitment of the Lebanese Government with its national and international obligations. The objectives of this NOSCP are to:… - [A Citizen's Guide to Lebanon's Petroleum Exploration & Production Agreement](https://logi-lebanon.org/a-citizens-guide-to-lebanons-petroleum-exploration-production-agreement/): In 2020, LOGI in partnership with Publish what you pay, worked on developing a citizen guide that aims to simplify the terms and conditions of the “Exploration & Production Agreement” between the Lebanese government and the 1st licensing round winning consortium Total, ENI and Novatek.  This document will allow Lebanese citizens to better understand the content of the contract weather from the relationship between different rightsholders, the steps that should be taken in the production phase, appraisal plan, declaration of commerciality as well as employment, royalties, cost and profit petroleum.  Click below on Download Original Article PDF to read it. - [عقد تلزيم الرقعة 4 و التعاقد الثانوي](https://logi-lebanon.org/%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%af-%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%b9%d8%a9-4-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%8a/): يُعدُّ قطاع البترول من القطاعات ذات العائد الريعي التي توفر موارد كبيرة للدول، مما يجعله مرتعًا للفساد وسوءه الاستغلال، ويؤثر سلبًا على الاقتصاد وعلى القدرة التنافسية لباقي القطاعات الإنتاجية.الفيلالفيل الفيل الفيل الفيل الفيل الفيل وتتميز الموارد البترولية أنها غير ثابتة، نظرًا لتأثّرها بمتغيرات الأسعار الدولية، ما ينعكس تقلّبًا في حجم الإيرادات ويؤثر في قدرة الدول على التخطيط ووضع الموازنات العامة. كما أن حجم هذه الموارد يجعلها عرضةً للفساد، خاصةً في البلدان الأقل نموًا، ويؤثر على بنية الاقتصاد بحيث تزداد الخشية من تمحوره حولها. على أن من أبرز خصائص هذه الموارد أنها محدودة ومعرّضة للنضوب، لذلك يجب استغلال الإيرادات المتأتية عنها… - [Block 4 Granting Contract and Secondary Contracting](https://logi-lebanon.org/block-4-granting-contract-and-secondary-contracting/): The petroleum sector is a rentier return sector that provides major resources to countries, making it a hotbed of corruption and abuse as it negatively affects the economy and the competitiveness of the rest of the productive sectors. Petroleum resources are characterized by their instability due to their vulnerability to international price variables, which reflects fluctuations in the volume of revenues and affects the ability of countries to plan and set public budgets. The sheer size of these resources makes them susceptible to corruption -especially in the least devel – oped countries- and affects the structure of the economy that… - [Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet 1](https://logi-lebanon.org/lorem/): Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ex praesentium, autem atque, molestias doloribus maiores velit nobis itaque aperiam esse odit magni corporis veniam nihil minus, assumenda adipisci possimus rerum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ex praesentium, autem atque, molestias doloribus maiores velit nobis itaque aperiam esse odit magni corporis veniam nihil minus, assumenda adipisci possimus rerum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ex praesentium, autem atque, molestias doloribus maiores velit nobis itaque aperiam esse odit magni corporis veniam nihil minus, assumenda adipisci possimus rerum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ex praesentium,… - [Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet 123](https://logi-lebanon.org/adoption-what-helps-and-what-doesnt/): Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ex praesentium, autem atque, molestias doloribus maiores velit nobis itaque aperiam esse odit magni corporis veniam nihil minus, assumenda adipisci possimus rerum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ex praesentium, autem atque, molestias doloribus maiores velit nobis itaque aperiam esse odit magni corporis veniam nihil minus, assumenda adipisci possimus rerum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ex praesentium, autem atque, molestias doloribus maiores velit nobis itaque aperiam esse odit magni corporis veniam nihil minus, assumenda adipisci possimus rerum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ex praesentium,… - [Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet 8](https://logi-lebanon.org/8-companies-with-the-best-adoption-benefits/): Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ex praesentium, autem atque, molestias doloribus maiores velit nobis itaque aperiam esse odit magni corporis veniam nihil minus, assumenda adipisci possimus rerum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ex praesentium, autem atque, molestias doloribus maiores velit nobis itaque aperiam esse odit magni corporis veniam nihil minus, assumenda adipisci possimus rerum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ex praesentium, autem atque, molestias doloribus maiores velit nobis itaque aperiam esse odit magni corporis veniam nihil minus, assumenda adipisci possimus rerum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ex praesentium,… - [Standard post](https://logi-lebanon.org/standard-post/): Est suscipit non aenean iaculis luctus, hymenaeos aliquam. Dui nisl mollis rhoncus nunc parturient, nonummy consectetuer donec eaque lacinia vestibulum, a nullam, magnis in erat. Ligula parturient phasellus, consectetuer et viverra, nulla vel litora non fusce lorem. Qui lectus vitae in nec mauris ut, eu nibh turpis suscipit eget penatibus. Donec auctor eros quam porttitor ipsum lacus, varius at, mauris feugiat non, ipsum eleifend eros vitae ante ac praesent, ornare nullam eget ipsum ut. Arcu risus egestas et et, varius duis et leo tortor pellentesque gravida, vel lobortis massa in integer malesuada aenean. Nibh eu quis commodo maecenas integer. Mi… - [Video post](https://logi-lebanon.org/video-post/): Vestibulum tincidunt fringilla gravida. Sed risus augue, congue sed ex et, ultrices mattis quam. Nulla tincidunt, erat non condimentum placerat, felis lacus blandit tellus, vel eleifend lacus augue vitae enim. Nam eget dui arcu. Vivamus sed leo aliquet, tincidunt tortor vel, accumsan mi. - [Audio post](https://logi-lebanon.org/audio-post/): Proin scelerisque consectetur nisl. Praesent tempus vitae metus quis tempor. Fusce nulla turpis, fermentum posuere luctus in, laoreet vel libero. In ultricies tortor vitae aliquet ultrices. Donec sit amet eleifend lorem, ac tempus turpis. Vivamus hendrerit, felis vitae porttitor auctor, velit augue tempor urna, in bibendum mi purus ac erat. Vivamus eu magna eu nulla semper tincidunt sit amet quis urna. - [Digital Transparency](https://logi-lebanon.org/digital-transparency/): Lebanon’s electricity sector has faced decades of mismanagement, political deadlock, and corruption, leaving citizens reliant on expensive and polluting private generators. The recent solar boom, growing from under 100 MW before 2020 to more than 1,300 MW by 2023, offered hope, but it developed largely outside of formal oversight, creating risks in safety, standards, and equitable access. To address these challenges, LOGI developed the Renewable Energy Governance Index, a research-based tool that measures the sector against five key principles: rule of law, transparency, accountability, public participation, and effectiveness. 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